Indian Journal of Medical Ethics First National Bioethics Conference

Conference Secretariat

The financial position of the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics (IJME) has always been modest. The decision to organise the First National Bioethics Conference (NBC) on the platform of IJME was, therefore, based on confidence and conviction in collaborative and collective efforts. We are happy to report that this confidence has been vindicated in the successful organisation of the conference as well as in achieving positive financial outcomes.

Conference expenses
The total conference expenses made by IJME and the Centre for Studies in Ethics and Rights (CSER), a collaborating organisation, were Rs 23,25,089.44 (Rs. Twenty three lakh twenty five thousand eighty nine and paise forty-four only). Details of this are given in Table 1. In addition, the other collaborating organisations also made expenses, but we do not have exact figures for the same so this report does not provide information on them (1).

The conference was largely driven by voluntary labour from a large number of individuals in Mumbai as well as from outside. Some of them had started working on its preparation from October 2004 onwards, but such contributions were honorary. Only from mid-2005 did the secretariat start paying a token honorarium to a few individuals who were giving a few days in a week for the conference preparation. As a consequence, only 2.3 per cent of total expenditure was on salaries and honoraria. Similarly, much of the communication expenditure was also borne by the individuals and institutions involved in this work. So we spent only 1.88 per cent of the total on communication. We must keep in mind that in future, as the organisation of the NBC is regularised, these heads of expenditure will increase.

Three heads accounted for the bulk (88 per cent) of the NBC expenditure – the main event, accommodation and travel. The success of future conferences depends upon how we keep mobilising funds for these three heads. We will need better facilities at the venue, more finances for travel and accommodation of plenary speakers and other guests and more conference fellowships to encourage more paper writers and workshop organisers to participate.

Financing of the conference
We employed four strategies to meet expenses of the conference. 

First, we invited contributions from the collaborating organisers for the accommodation and registration fees of their delegates. Indeed, this was the basic premise on which the collaboration was worked out. Of the 20 organisations, 18 fulfilled these conditions.

Second, some collaborating organisers were requested (or they volunteered) to make extra contributions from their funds. The CSER and the Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes (CEHAT) through the Anusandhan Trust contributed the highest amount. They were followed by Samuha through its University of California at San Francisco project in Bangalore; and the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Jaslok Hospital and the Independent Ethics Committee, all three in Mumbai.

The third source of money was that received from conference participants as charges for registration and accommodation. In this category, we raised Rs 4,40,000 from the Public Health Institute, Delhi, as full-cost registration charges for five participants and about Rs 91,000 from other participants.
Finally, IJME and Anusandhan Trust (through the CSER)  mobilised the remaining amount through grants. IJME received two grants, one of Rs one lakh from the ICMR and another of Rs 1,32,626 from WHO-Geneva. CSER received two grants, one of Rs 11 lakh (approximately, for $30,000 Canadian, as funds have not arrived as yet) from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC, Canada), New Delhi, and another of Rs 3,83,544 from the Wellcome Trust, UK.

As shown in Table 2, a total fund of Rs 30,20,200 was raised by IJME and the CSER. Of this amount, various donor organisations contributed as grants to the conference 56.82 per cent of funds, while the collaborating organisers and the participants of the conference contributed the remaining 43.18 per cent Since total expenditure was of Rs 23,25,089.44, we are left with a surplus of Rs 6,95,110.56 (see Table 3). We had taken care that all grants received through the CSER/Anusandhan Trust were fully utilised, and so also the grants received by IJME, as they were specific project grants for the conference. Hence, the surplus available is from the other income of the NBC received by IJME.

Budget for the utilisation of surplus funds
We propose to use the surplus funds in two ways. First, the success of the conference was a testimony of the commitment of the collaborating organisers and participants to the long-term development of bioethics as a discipline and practice, and to the NBC as a vehicle for the same. Thus, the surplus should be employed for establishing and running a permanent and autonomous national secretariat of the IJME NBC. This secretariat can provide support to the local organisers for future NBCs. Second, the surplus fund should provide administrative stability to IJME as a platform for future NBCs and, in the process, help scaling up the circulation, scope and quality of the journal.

Keeping the above two principles in mind, we have made a budget (see Table 4) for the planned expenditure of the surplus funds for the next two years – 2006 and 2007. Our emphasis is on making key regular work of the NBC and IJME administratively and financially independent of institutions and individuals. This is because we need to ensure that the NBC and IJME are not structurally dependent upon any institution; they are to be autonomous, providing space to committed individuals from many institutions and organisations to make contributions in the development of bioethics. Thus, we would like to establish a separate, small office for the NBC and IJME with a competent full-time person to manage it on a day-to-day basis.

Note
1.In our estimate, such expenses would be about Rs 75,000 spent by TISS for the conference kits (bags, writing pads and pens) and travel reimbursement to some participants; and about Rs six lakh spent by the collaborating organisers directly for the travel and local transport of their delegates and towards the expenses borne for their representatives to participate in OC meetings.

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Financial Report 2004-2005
The financial status of the Forum for Medical Ethics Society which publishes the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics has always been precarious. The journal has had a small subscription base. It depended on voluntary work with payment for some administrative support. Office space and office expenses have also been subsidised by members.

There has been some level of stability in the last two years. In the year under review, income from subscriptions and sale of back issues (Rs 1,72,701) covered the cost of printing and posting the journal (Rs 1,50,018.50). There is a slight fall in subscription income (from Rs 1,92,952 in 2003-2004) but this is still a substantial increase from 2002-2003 (Rs 78,246).

One reason for the fall in income is that the previous year’s income included Rs 80,000 for gift subscriptions to medical colleges. Since 2003, we have sent gift subscriptions to all medical colleges recognised by the Medical Council of India, and since 2004, this has been expanded to include selected institutions in other countries in South Asia. These gift subscriptions have been supported by various individuals and institutions. Support is regularly sought and received for this project. Money for gift subscriptions for medical colleges was received in the current financial year. Donations totalled Rs 74,000 in the year under review, compared to Rs 1,19,909 in 2003-2004.

Expenditure on the journal’s printing and posting has also fallen, from Rs 1,82,102.35 in 2003-2004 to Rs 1,50,018.50 in the year under review. One reason for this drop is that the previous year’s printing and postage expenses were higher, partly due to an increased print order of some issues, and postage for a promotional campaign. Still, this represents an increase over the expenses of Rs 1,29, 416.50 in 2002-2003.

It is also important to note that the income includes subscriptions for more than one year, and this money must be spent accordingly.

Among our concerns is our very small subscription base – 764 as of January 2006. This is inclusive of 147 subscriptions that expired in 2005 and should be renewed in the course of the next month, and gift subscriptions to 252 medical colleges in India and other countries in South Asia.

Following the success of IJME’s First National Bioethics Conference we have also set ourselves certain tasks and must meet these challenges. First, we would like to increase the number of pages in the journal, to provide a greater selection of articles, including some longer essays. This will increase our costs. Second, the journal has now reached the stage where it must develop an independent office with professional support. This, too, will necessitate increased resources. Additional planned activities such as promotional drives to achieve the journal’s potential subscription base will also increase our expenses.

We thank the S K Burman Trust, Dr P Dukle, Dr N Kripalani, Dr Y Lokhandwala, Dr M Mamdani, Dr S Nundy, Dr AM Pai, Dr S A Pai, Dr S Prasad, Dr P Rajsekhar and Dr A Thomas, for donations totalling Rs 74,000 in 2004-2005.

We hope well-wishers will come forward with donations as well as gift subscriptions. We also hope that institutions receiving gift subscriptions consider renewing their subscriptions.

Donations to the Forum for Medical Ethics Society are eligible for 50 per cent tax exemption under Section 80G of the Income Tax Act.